Heritage on the move

Pyramids of MeroeIn concordance with the Leiden Global central theme “Heritage on the move”, the ASCL Library has compiled a web dossier on this topic. Its publication coincides with the Leiden Global Annual Lecture entitled “On the move: a mobilities approach to heritage” held on 29 May by Professor Wayne Modest. The dossier starts with an introduction by ASCL Library Information Specialist Germa Seuren. The dossier consists of selected titles from the ASCL Library Catalogue, published from 2008, extended with online sources available through the UBL Catalogue. Titles link to the corresponding record in the online catalogue, which provides additional details and abstracts, where available. A special section has been added under the header “web resources”, showcasing interesting websites featuring African heritage issues and projects.

Introduction
General
Decolonization
Reappropriation
Digitization
Web resources

Introduction

Heritage on the move:  A review of the literature

In contrast to the notion of unchangeability that the term ‘heritage’ suggests, the literature at hand reflects the wide range of discussions and developments around the subject. Heritage is related to memory, and deciding what should be remembered within a society is closely linked to issues of power and identity, and therefore subject to discussion. For an overview of representative issues, see, for example, the edited volume 'The politics of heritage in Africa: economies, histories, and infrastructures', in the ‘General’ section of this web dossier.

These political discussions especially come to the fore in the literature on colonial heritage. In many African countries, people are objecting to certain manifestations of the colonial past. At the same time, groups are advocating for the inclusion of heritage from this period, which they consider their own. Constructing new forms of memorializing slavery is one expression of this. A related trend is the returning of cultural heritage from colonial states to the states of origin and the accompanying ‘discovery’ of hidden Africa collections in European archives. Related titles can be found in the ‘Decolonization’ section of this dossier.

This illustrates how African (nation) states and ethnic groups are constantly constructing and redefining their cultural heritage, also that of the precolonial period, and the period of independence. In this process, discussions around national and ethnic identity as well as power dynamics emerge. Also, one can find instances of very practical uses of the ‘creation’ of cultural heritage, as seen in literature on ‘heritage tourism’ and the ‘musealization’ of culture. This dossier contains a broad range of country case studies concerning these matters.

Of course, especially in this age of globalization, heritage is also ‘on the move’ in a very physical sense. People move across the globe and take their heritage with them. In this process, people, and what they consider their cultural heritage, change. This ‘mobilities approach to heritage’ is the subject of this year’s Leiden Global Annual Lecture, and can be found in this dossier in articles by Wayne Modest and Rivke Jaffe, Marleen de Witte, and the conference papers in 'Remembering Africa and its diasporas: memory, public history and representations of the past'.

Finally, the theme of ‘heritage on the move’ can be read in new forms of preserving and presenting cultural heritage, by means of digitization and online presentation of archives, as represented in the ‘Digitization’ section below. One can also find many new and interesting examples online, as shown in the large sample of web resources attached to this dossier.

Germa Seuren, African Studies Centre Leiden Library

General

Ambivalences patrimoniales au Sud : mises en scène et jeux d'acteurs / Dominique Beaulaton, Dominique Guillaud, Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem et Yves Girault (éds.)
Paris : Karthala IRD, cop. 2016.
Cover The politics of heritage in Africa
The politics of heritage in Africa : economies, histories, and infrastructures / ed. by Derek Peterson, Kodzo Gavua, Ciraj Rassool.
New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Archives, Documentation, and Institutions of Social Memory Essays from the Sawyer Seminar
Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2014.

Remembering Africa and its diasporas : memory, public history and representations of the past / ed. by Audra A. Diptee & David V. Trotman.
Trenton, NJ [etc.] : Africa World Press, 2012.

Special issue: Heritage, history and memory : new research from East and Southern Africa / guest eds.: Lotte Hughes, Annie E. Coombes and Karega-Munene.
Abingdon : Taylor & Francis, 2011.

Globalisation and African cultural heritage erosion : implications for policy / H.O. Kaya. M.A. Masoga
In: Indilinga : African journal of indigenous knowledge systems (2008), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 141-154.

Decolonization

Mémoires de l'esclavage, créolité : le patrimoine du Morne à l'île Maurice / Sandra Carmignani.
Paris : Karthala [etc.], cop. 2017.

Native estates : records of mobility across colonial boundaries / Ellen Ndeshi Namhila.
Basel : Basler Afrika Bibliographien, cop. 2017.

Colonial heritage, memory and sustainability in Africa : challenges, opportunities and prospects / ed. by Munyaradzi Mawere and Tapuwe R. Mubaya.
Cover Colonial heritage, memory and sustainabilityMankon: Langaa Research & Publishing CIG, cop. 2016.

Le revers de l'oubli : mémoires et commémorations de l'esclavage au Bénin / Gaetano Ciarcia.
Paris : Karthala, cop. 2016.

InterInventions : between defective memory and the public lie, a personal odyssey in the republic of liars / Wole Soyinka.
Ibadan, Nigeria : Bookcraft, cop. 2015.

Replenishing history : new directions to historical research in the 21st century in Ghana / University of Ghana, writing by faculty past and present of the Department of History, Legon, on the occasion of the University's 65th anniversary, and ed. by Nana Yaw B. Sapong and J. Otto Pohl.
Oxfordshire : Ayebia Clarke Publishing Limited, cop. 2014.

The bitter legacy : African slavery past and present / Sandra E. Greene Alice Bellagamba, and Martin A. Klein, eds. and with the collaboration of Carolyn Brown.
Princeton : Markus Wiener Publishers, cop. 2013.

Kein Platz an der Sonne : Erinnerungsorte der deutschen Kolonialgeschichte / Jürgen Zimmerer (Hg.) and mit Beiträgen von Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst [and thirty-four others]
Frankfurt am Main [etc.] : Campus Verlag, cop. 2013.

Le Togo : lieux de mémoire et sites de conscience / sous la dir. de Jean-Pierre Vallat and préf. de Miguel Benasayag.
Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2013.

The return of cultural and historical treasures: the case of the Netherlands / Jos van Beurden [ed. Andrew Gebhardt]
Amsterdam : KIT Publishers Tropenmuseum, cop. 2012.
https://issuu.com/kitpublishers/docs/the_return_of__cultural_lr

Afrique et Occident : mémoires et identités dans la région des grands lacs / sous la dir. de Carlo Carbone et Rosario Giordano.
Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2011.

Shared heritage in museums in South Africa : opportunities for collaboration / D. Bull, H.G. Schuit, M. Holtrop.
Amersfoort : Cultural Heritage Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2017.
https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2017/01/01/shared-heritage-in-museums-in-south-africa-opportunities-for-collaboration (Free access)

Shikongo shaKalulu, Nakambale and shared memories : Olukonda historic mission station as a cultural memory and heritage site / Kim Groop.
In: Journal of Namibian studies : history, politics, culture (2017), no. 21, p. 65-87 : ill.

Singing of slavery, performing the past : folk songs of the Cape coloured community as cultural memory of the South African slave past, 1657-present = Zingen over slavernij, het verleden beleven : volksliederen van de Kaapse kleurling gemeenschap als cultureel geheugen van het Zuid-Afrikaanse slavernijverleden, van 1657 tot heden / door Anne Marieke van der Wal-Rémy.
[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 2016.

Icons of the old regime : challenging South African public memory strategies in #RhodesMustFall / Carolyn E. Holmes & Melanie Loehwing.
In: Journal of Southern African studies (2016), vol. 42, no. 6, p. 1207-1223.

Inclusive histories for inclusive futures : interactions and entanglements then and now / Jared McDonald.
In: Yesterday & today (2016), no. 15, p. 66-83.

Namibische Erinnerungskulturen am Beispiel des Reiterdenkmals von Windhoek / Matthias Schulze.
In: Journal (2016), vol. 64, p. 49-98 : ill.

Archives of anti-colonial resistance and the liberation struggle (AACRLS) : an integrated programme to fill the colonial gaps in the archival record of Namibia / Ellen Ndeshi Namhila.
In: Journal for studies in humanities and social sciences (2015), vol. 4, no. 1 & 2, p. 168-178.
http://repository.unam.edu.na/bitstream/handle/11070/1562/Namhila_archives_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

The art of (re)possession : heritage and the cultural politics of Congo's decolonization / Sarah van Beurden.
In: The journal of African history (2015), vol. 56, no. 1, p. 143-164 : foto's.

Black pain matters : down with Rhodes / Francis B. Nyamnjoh.
In: CODESRIA bulletin (2015), no. 3/4, p. 74-93.

Reviving the remains of colonization : the Belgian colonial archives in Brussels / Bérengère Piret.
In: History in Africa : a journal of method (2015), vol. 42, p. 419-431.

A museum of colonial history and national identity : Lokoja and the Nigerian situation regarding preserving the past / by Amirikpa Oyigbenu.
In: African studies bulletin (2014/15), vol., no. 76, p. 72-84 : foto's.

Mémoire promise = Promised memory / un film de Jean-Christophe Monferran; auteur Gaetano Ciarcia and Jean-Christophe Monferran.
Meudon : CNRS Images, 2014.

Commemorating and forgetting : challenges for the new South Africa / Martin J. Murray. Cover commemorating and forgetting
Minneapolis, MN [etc.] : University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Les indépendances en Afrique : l'événement et ses mémoires : 1957/1960-2010 / Jean-Luc Martineau et Didier Nativel sous la dir. de Odile Goerg and préf. de Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch.
Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2013.

“Methodologies of engagement” : locating archives in postapartheid memory practices / Anthea Patricia Josias.
Michigan : University of Michigan, 2013.
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/97821 (Free access)

Archival aspirations and anxieties : contemporary preservation and production of the past in Umbumbulu, KwaZulu-Natal / Grant McNulty.
In: South African historical journal (2013), vol. 65, no. 1, p. 44-69.

Obscured if not hidden: records relating to Africa in the National Archives of the UK (TNA) / by Mandy Banton.
In: African research and documentation : the journal of the African Studies Association of the UK and the Standing Commission [Conference] on Library Materials on Africa (2013), no. 123, p. 3-13 : ill., foto's, krt.

The Simon van der Stel Festival : constructing heritage and the politics of pageantry / Wouter Hanekom.
In: Historia : amptelike orgaan, vol. 58, no. 2 (2013), p. 19-39.

When and why is a collection hidden? : awakening interest in the Hornung Papers at West Sussex Record Office / by Nichola Court.
In: African research and documentation : the journal of the African Studies Association of the UK and the Standing Commission [Conference] on Library Materials on Africa (2013), no. 121, p. 21-33: ill.

Historic buildings, conservation and shifts in social value at Old Umtali : contestations of heritage in Zimbabwe / Njabulo Chipangura.
Bellville : University of the Western Cape, 2012.
http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/handle/11394/5098 (Free access)

Special issue: Remembering Africa to metropolitan France : contemporary francophone debates over slavery and colonialism in Africa = Numéro spécial: Rappeler l'Afrique au souvenir de la France : débats francophones contemporains sur l'esclavage et la colonisation / spec. ed. Abdoulaye Gueye & Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch.
Toronto : Canadian Association of African Studies, 2011.

Displaying anglophile Whiteness: a case-study of a South African exhibition / Cecilia Rodéhn.
In: Nordic journal of African studies (2011), vol. 20, no. 4, p. 276-299.
https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v20i4.181

Koloniale Vergangenheit und deutsch-afrikanische Erinnerungsorte = Passé colonial et lieux de mémoire germano-africaine / Ibrahima Diagne [Hrsg]
Dschang : Dschang University Press, 2010.

Life after thirty : the history workshop / guest ed.: Arianna Lissoni and Noor Nieftagodien.
In: African studies : a quarterly journal devoted to the study of African administration, cultures and languages (2010), vol. 69, no. 1, p. 1-139.

Re-membering Africa / Ngugi Wa Thiong'o.
Nairobi [etc.] : East African Educational Publishers, 2009.

Speaking of freedom? : heritage, memory and public remembering in Kliptown / Naomi Roux.
Johannesburg : Naomi Roux, 2009.

Post-colonialism, memory and the remaking of African identity / Idowu William.
In: Politikon : Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir staatsleer : South African journal of political science (2009), vol. 36, no. 3, p. 423-443.

Mozambique Réunion : esclavages, mémoire et patrimoines dans l'océan Indien / sous la dir. de Séverine Cachat.
Saint-Maur-des-Fosses : Editions Sépia, 2008.

Van volksmoeder tot fokofpolisiekar : kritiese opstelle oor Afrikaanse herinneringsplekke / Albert M. Grundlingh & Siegfried Huigen.
Stellenbosch : Sun Press, 2008.

'A fragile inheritor': the post-apartheid memorial complex, A.C. Jordan and the re-imagining of cultural heritage in the Eastern Cape / Gary Minkley.
In: Kronos : 'n geleentheidspublikasie van die Wes-Kaaplandse Instituut vir Historiese Navorsing (2008), no. 34, p. 16-40.

Pointing to the dead : victims, martyrs and public memory in South Africa / Sabine Marschall.
In: South African historical journal (2008), vol. 60, no. 1, p. 103-123 : foto's.

Reappropriation

Africa

Archival research in Africa / Samuel Fury Childs Daly.
In: African affairs : the journal of the Royal African Society (2017), vol. 116, no. 463, p. 311-320.

Archive (re)mix : vues d'Afrique / Dominique Malaquais et Nadine Siegert sous la dir. de Maëline Le Lay and préf. d'Alain Ricard et Ulf Vierke.
Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2015.

Museum as process : translating local and global knowledges / edited by Raymond A. Silverman.
London : Routledge, 2015. - Museum meanings.

Heritage, blackness and Afro-cool: styling Africanness in Amsterdam / M. de Witte
In: African Diaspora (2014), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 260-289
https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00702002 

New roots: Jamaican ontologies of blackness from Africa to the ghetto / Wayne Modest and Rivke Jaffe
In: African Diaspora (2014), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 234-259

Anthroparchives: archives de la tradition orale, un patrimoine informationnel délaissé... / Narcisse Ekongolo Makake.
In: Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (2012), t. 54, no. 1/2, p. 199-223.

An endangered resource : the preservation of liberation struggle archives in East and Southern Africa / by Francis Garaba.
In: African research and documentation : the journal of the African Studies Association of the UK and the Standing Commission [Conference] on Library Materials on Africa (2011), no. 115, p. 25-36.

Algeria

Les lieux de mémoire de la guerre d'indépendance algérienne / Emmanuel Alcaraz and pref. d'Aïssa Kadri.
Paris : Karthala, cop. 2017.

Benin

Guerre de succession et concurrence mémorielle à Ouidah, ancien comptoir de la traite / Emmanuelle Kadya Tall.
In: Politique africaine (2009), no. 115, p. 155-173.

Imaginaire national et mise en patrimoine dans l'Atlantique sud : candomblé de Bahia et cultes vodun au Sud-Bénin / Emmanuelle Kadya Tall.
In: Lusotopie : enjeux contemporains dans les espaces lusophones (2009), vol. 16, no. 2, p. 133-155.

Marketing Vodun : cultural tourism and dreams of success in contemporary Benin / Jung Ran Forte.
Cover Plaidoyer pour une histoire autobiographique du CongoIn: Cahiers d'études africaines (2009), vol. 49, cah. 193/194, p. 429-451.

Un patrimoine urbain méconnu : arbres mémoires, forêts sacrées et jardins des plantes de Porto Novo (Bénin) / Dominique Juhé-Beaulaton.
In: Autrepart : revue de sciences sociales au Sud (2009), no. 51, p. 75-98 : foto's, krt.

Canary Islands

The performing identity of the Canary Islands : Amazigh heritage influences in the artistic production : the use of indigenous symbolism in traditional pottery work and in the Taburiente musical discourse / Davinia García.
[place of creation not identified] : [publisher not identified] , 2016.
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/38549 (Free access)

Democratic Republic of Congo

Plaidoyer pour une histoire autobiographique du Congo / Didier Mumengi.
Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2016.

Project for the Establishment of a National Museum in the DRC and Korea's new ODA strategy: the contextualization of the DRC's history and culture / Kwang-Su Kim.
In: African and Asian studies (2016), vol. 15, no. 4, p. 408-442 : tab.

Ethiopia

Canvassing past memories through Tǝzǝta / Timkehet Teffera.
In: Journal of Ethiopian studies (2013), vol. 46, p. 31-66 : fig., foto's.

Gambia

Back to the land of Roots : African American tourism and the cultural heritage of the River Gambia / Alice Bellagamba.
In: Cahiers d'études africaines (2009), vol. 49, cah. 193/194, p. 453-476 : foto's.

Ghana

African heritage design : entertainment media and visual aesthetics in Ghana / Marleen de Witte and Birgit Meyer.
In: Civilisations (2012), vol. 61, no. 1, p. 43-64 : foto's.
https://login.ezproxy.leidenuniv.nl:2443/login?URL=http://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fcivilisations.3132

Kenya

Monument of nature? : an ethnography of the world heritage of Mt. Kenya / Marlous van den Akker.
Leiden : African Studies Centre, cop. 2016.
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/39726

Conservation of cultural and natural heritage in Kenya : a cross-disciplinary approach / ed. by Anne-Marie Deisser and Mugwima Njuguna.
London : UCL Press, 2016.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1gxxpc6

Managing heritage, making peace : history, identity and memory in contemporary Kenya / Annie E. Coombes, Lotte Hughes and Karega-Munene.
Cover Managing heritage, making peaceLondon : I.B. Tauris, 2014.

Exposer l'objet ethnographique, mettre en scène la nation : la muséographie incertaine des musées communautaires au Kenya / Chloé Josse-Durand
In: Mambo ! (2012)

Malawi

A monument to a tyrant, or reconstructed nationalist memories of the father and founder of the Malawi nation, Dr. H.K. Banda / Reuben Makayiko Chirambo.
In: Africa today (2009/10), vol. 56, no. 4, p. 2-21 : foto's.

Banda's monuments and the narrativisation of Malawi's history in the post-Banda era / Reuben Chirambo.
In: Journal of social development in Africa (2008), vol. 23, no. 1, p. 139-160 : foto.

Mali

The Djenné Mosque: World Heritage and Social Renewal in a West African Town / Trevor H. J. Marchand
In: APT Bulletin (2015), vol. 46, no. 2/3, p. 4-15 

Djenné, la ville aux 313 saints : convocation des savoirs, lutte des classements et production d'une ville sainte au Mali / Gilles Holder.
In: Cahiers d'études africaines (2012), vol. 52, cah. 208, p. 741-765.

Les déçus de Tombouctou / Marco Aime.
In: Cahiers d'études africaines (2009), vol. 49, cah. 193/194, p. 513-523.

Mauritania

Culture nomade versus culture savante : naissance et vicissitudes d'un tourisme de désert en Adrar mauritanien / Sébastien Boulay.
In: Cahiers d'études africaines (2009), vol. 49, cah. 193/194, p. 95-121.

Mozambique

Cultural heritage and social context: research and management in Mozambique / Anne Bang and Tore Sætersdal
In: One world, many knowledges : regional experiences and cross-regional links in higher education / ed. by Peter Vale and Tor Halvorsen. - Stellenbosch : African Minds Publishers (2012), pages 249-263.
http://www.africanminds.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/9780620557894_txt.pdf 

Namibia

Commemorating heroes in Windhoek and Eenhana: memory, culture and nationalism in Namibia, 1990-2010 / Heike Becker.
In: Africa : journal of the International African Institute (2011), vol. 81, no. 4, p. 519-543 : foto's.

Northern Africa

Pratiques du patrimoine en Égypte et au Soudan / sous la dir. de Omnia Aboukorah et Jean-Gabriel Leturcq.
Paris : Cedej, 2009.

Dossier de recherche : la fabrique de la mémoire : variations maghrébines / (sous la dir. de Jean-Philippe Bras)
In: L'année du Maghreb (2008), vol., p. 5-200.

Rwanda

Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda : mémoriaux et lieux de mémoire / Hélène Dumas et Rémi Korman.
In: Afrique contemporaine : documents d'Afrique noire et de Madagascar (2011), no. 238, p. 13-27.

Sierra Leone

Confronting the Past?: Negotiating a Heritage of Conflict in Sierra Leone / Paul Basu
In: Journal of Material Culture (2008), vol. 13, no. 2, p. 233-247
https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183508090896

Heritage as future-making: aspiration and common destiny in Sierra Leone / Johanna Zetterstrom-Sharp
In: International Journal of Heritage Studies (2014), p. 1-19
https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2014.973060

Somalia

Many Somalia(s), multiple memories : remembrances as present politics, past politics as remembrances in war-torn Somali discourses / Mohamed Haji Ingiriis.
In: African identities (2016), vol. 14, no. 4, p. 348-369.

South Africa

South African performance and archives of memory / Yvette Hutchison. Cover South African performance and archives of memory
Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2016.

Afrikanerdom, archives, and change : the Archive for Contempory Affairs at the University of Free State, South Africa / Kate Law and Huibré Lombard.
In: Itinerario : bulletin of the Leyden Centre for the History of European Expansion (2014), vol. 38, no. 2, p. 19-26.

Papers from the pre-colonail catalytic project : volume 1 / ed. by Lungisile Ntsebeza & Chris Saunders.
Cape Town : Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 2014.

'Tell England, ye who pass this monument' : English-speaking South Africans, memory and war remembrance until the eve of the Second World War / John Lambert.
In: South African historical journal : journal of the Southern African Historical Society (2014), vol. 66, no. 4, p. 677-698.

Vuvuzela magic : the production and consumption of 'African' cultural heritage during the FIFA 2010 World Cup / Duane Jethro.
In: African diaspora : a journal of transnational Africa in a global world (2014), vol. 7, no. 2, p. 177-204 : foto.

Forged and continually refashioned in the crucible of ongoing social and political life : archives and custodial practices as subjects of enquiry / Carolyn Hamilton.
In: South African historical journal (2013), vol. 65, no. 1, p. 1-22.

Memorialising David Webster / Barbara Buntman.
In: South African historical journal (2013), vol. 65, no. 3, p. 421-443 : foto's.

Biography in and of an archive : the Shelagh Gastrow Collection and South Africa / David Kwao-Sarbah.
Belville : University of Western Cape, 2012.
http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/handle/11394/3515 (Free access)

Imitating heritage tourism: a virtual tour of Sekhukhuneland, South Africa / Ineke van Kessel.
In: African hosts & their guests : cultural dynamics of tourism / ed. by Walter van Beek & Annette Schmidt. - Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, NY : James Currey, (2012), p. 103-114 : foto's.

Becoming worthy ancestors : archive, public deliberation and identity in South Africa / ed. by Xolela Mangcu.
Johannesburg : Wits University Press, 2011.

'De la Rey' and the revival of 'Boer heritage': nostalgia in the post-apartheid Afrikaner culture industry / Kees (C.S.) Van der Waal and Steven Robins.
In: Journal of Southern African studies (2011), vol. 37, no. 4, p. 763-779 : ill.

'Old synagogue' and apartheid court: constructing a South African heritage site / Fran Buntman and Barbara Buntman.
In: South African historical journal (2010), vol. 62, no. 1, p. 183-201 : foto's.

Private sector involvement in public history production in South Africa: the 'Sunday Times' Heritage Project / Sabine Marschall.
In: African studies review : the journal of the African Studies Association (2010), vol. 53, no. 3, p. 35-59 : foto's.

The changing politics of slave heritage in the Western Cape, South Africa / by Nigel Worden.
In: The journal of African history (2009), vol. 50, no. 1, p. 23-40.

Challenges to repatriation and preservation of tangible heritage in South Africa : Black art and the experiences of the Ifa Lethu Foundation / Brown Bavusile Maaba.
In: South African historical journal (2008), vol. 60, no. 3, p. 500-513.

Missing voices : border war memories, meanings and archival musings / Michele Pickover.
In: Innovation : journal of appropriate librarianship and information work in Southern Africa (2009), no. 39, p. 73-87.

Creating an African tourist experience at the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site / Maheshvari Naidu.
In: Historia : amptelike orgaan (2008), vol. 53, no. 2, p. 182-207 : foto's.

Prompting reflections: an account of the 'Sunday Times' Heritage Project from the perspective of an insider historian / Cynthia Kros.
In: Kronos : 'n geleentheidspublikasie van die Wes-Kaaplandse Instituut vir Historiese Navorsing (2008), no. 34, p. 159-180 : foto's.

Southern Africa

Tradition and modernity : the inclusion and exclusion of traditional voices and other actors in archaeological heritage management in Mozambique and Zimbabwe / Ancila Nhamo and Seke Katsamudanga Albino Jopela.
In: One world, many knowledges : regional experiences and cross-regional links in higher education / ed. by Peter Vale and Tor Halvorsen. - Stellenbosch : African Minds Publishers (2012), pages  175-192.
http://www.africanminds.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/9780620557894_txt.pdf

Uganda

The meanings of heritage practices, spaces and sites in the Busoga Kingdom,‘Uganda’ in the twenty first century / by Nabirye Zaina Lubwama.
Belville : University of the Western Cape 2012.
http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/handle/11394/4491 (Free access)

Zambia

Remembering work on the Tazara railway in Africa and China, 1965-2011 : when 'new men' grow old / Jamie Monson.
In: African studies review (2013), vol. 56, no. 1, p. 45-64.

Political auto/biography, nationalist history and national heritage : the case of Kenneth Kaunda and Zambia / Brutus Mulilo Simakole.
[S.l.] : University of the Western Cape, 2012.
http://www.asclibrary.nl/docs/412514397.pdf

Zanzibar

Reinterpreting revolutionary Zanzibar in the media today : the case of 'Dira' newspaper / Marie-Aude Fouéré.
In: Journal of eastern African studies : journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa (2012), vol. 6, no. 4, p. 672-689.

Re-presenting heritage in Zanzibar and Madagascar / Rosabelle Boswell.
Addis Adaba : Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA), cop. 2011.

Zimbabwe

African cultures, memory and space : living the past presence in Zimbabwean heritage / ed. by Munyaradzi Mawere & Tapuwa Raymond Mubaya.
Mankon : Langaa Research & Publishing CIG, cop. 2014.

An investigation of Zimbabwe's contemporary heritage practices of memorialising war : a case study of the heroes' acres in Matabeleland South Province / Blessed Magadzike.
Belville : University of Western Cape, 2011.
http://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/handle/11394/5402 (Free access)

Digitization

Les archives administratives dans les États africains : instruments de gouvernance et de souveraineté / Albert Mban and préf. de Marie-France Blanquet. Cover Les archives administratives dans les etats Africains
Paris : L'Harmattan, cop. 2017.

Digitization of Uganda's musical cultural heritage : lessons from Makerere University Library Digital Archive / Agnes Namaganda.
[Place of creation not identified] : [Name of publisher not identified], [2011?].
https://www.musicinafrica.net/sites/default/files/attachments/article/201411/namaganda-digitization-ugandas-musical-cultural-heritage.pdf (Free access)

Ethical issues in digitization of cultural heritage / Zinaida Manžuch.
In: Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies, (2017.), vol. 4, article 4 (2017), pages 1-17.
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas/vol4/iss2/4/ (Free access)

Institutional repositories and heritage materials in selected institutions within three African countries / Wilhemina Larnyoh Joseph Kehinde Fasae, Michael Esew, Betty Alanyo, Marlene Holmner (Dr.).
In: Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), vol. 1603 (2017).
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1603/ (Free access)

Searching for sharing: heritage and multimedia in Africa / ed. by Daniela Merolla and Mark Turin.
Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2017.
http://www.openbookpublishers.com/reader/590#page/1/mode/2up

African cultural heritage conservation and management : theory and practice from Southern Africa / Susan Osireditse Keitumetse
Springer International Publishing: Cham 2016. - Theory and Practice from Southern Africa

Preserving the digital heritage of public institutions in Ghana in the wake of electronic government / Kofi Koranteng Adu and Patrick Ngulube
In: Library Hi Tech (2016), vol. 34, no. 4, p. 748-763
https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2016-0077

Collaboration in digitising cultural heritage as a strategy to sustain access and sharing of cultural heritage information in Uganda / Sarah Kaddu.
Place of creation not identified] : [Name of publisher not identified], [2015?].
https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/library-theory-and-research/Projects/sarah_kaddu_ifla-paper_for_research_award_march_2015.pdf (Free access)

Digitalization of cultural heritage of Usambara, Tanzania / Jorinde Bijl Tesfahun Belew, Roos Bouman, Simone Heidenrijk, Anniek van Keeken, Sylivia Lussumo, Imke Straaten
[The Netherlands] : [Publisher unidentified], [2015].

The digital library in the re-inscription of African cultural heritage / Dale Peters, et al.
In: IFLA Journal (2015), vol. 41, no. 3, p. 204-210
https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035215603990

The state of digital heritage resources management in Ghana / Eric Boamah and Samuel Nii Bekoe Tackie.
[S.l. : s.n.], 2015.
http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/18396

African studies in the digital age : DisConnects? / ed. by Terry Barringer and Marion Wallace and with Jos Damen ... [et al.]
Leiden [etc.] : Brill, 2014.

Africa's archives in the age of web democracy / African Studies Association.
In: History in Africa : a journal of method (2014), vol. 41, p. 387-431 : ill.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/issue/DD44D4F7241CB13B78EA640C064B9C11

Patrimony, power and politics : selecting, constructing and preserving digital heritage content in South Africa and Africa / Michele Pickover.
[Place of creation not identified] : [Name of publisher not identified], 2014.
http://library.ifla.org/1023/1/138-pickover-en.pdf (Free access)

The politics of the parallel archive : digital imperialism and the future of record-keeping in the age of digital reproduction / Keith Breckenridge.
In: Journal of Southern African studies (2014), vol. 40, no. 3, p. 499-519 : ill.

The challenges of digitising heritage collections in South Africa : a case study / Stephen Anderson.
Belville : University of the Western Cape, 2013.
https://etd.uwc.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11394/3211/Anderson_MBibl_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Free access)

The dilemmas of digital patrimonialization : the Digital Museum of African and Afro-Brazilian Memory / Livio Sansone.
In: History in Africa : a journal of method (2013), vol. 40, p. 257-273.

The virtual memory landscape : the impact of information technology on collective memory and commemoration in Southern Africa / Sabine Marschall.
In: Journal of Southern African studies (2013), vol. 39, no. 1, p. 193-205.

Training in cultural heritage preservation : the experience of heritage institutions in Nigeria / Abiola Abioye and Olubukola Olatise. Yetunde Zaid
[S.l. : s.n.], 2012.
https://www.ifla.org/past-wlic/2012/200-zaid-en.pdf

Post-independence mutation and changes in media archives keeping in Africa : Nigeria's perspective / Olusola O. Isola.
In: African notes : bulletin of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan (2012), vol. 36, no. 1/2, p. 62-71.

An African perspective on digital preservation / Hussein Suleman
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. , 2011.

The microfilm of the new millennium : the digitization of the liberation struggle archives heritage in east and southern Africa / Christine Stilwell and Patrick Ngulube. Francis Garaba
In: Innovation : journal of appropriate librarianship and information work in Southern Africa (2011), no. 42, p. 33-53.
https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-69ba21758

Moving with the times in search of permanence : the digitization of 'liberation struggle' archives in southern Africa / Francis Garaba and Patrick Ngulube.
In: Historia : amptelike orgaan (2010), vol. 55, no. 2, p. 163-181.

Access to digital heritage in Africa: bridging the digital divide / Lorna Abungu
In: Museum International (2002), vol. 54, no. 3, p. 29-34
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0033.00385

Web resources

The ASCL is not responsible for the content of external internet sites

African Digital Heritage
An organisation that seeks to advocate for, and promote the best use of technology in the curation, preservation and dissemination of African history and culture.
http://africandigitalheritage.com/

African Heritage
A blog about African history, and heritage, including links to audio and video files.
https://afrolegends.com/

African World Heritage Fund - Geomap
A geomap showing all UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa.
https://awhf.net/site-map/

The Digital Bleek and Lloyd
Includes scans of the notebooks of pioneer African linguists Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek .
http://lloydbleekcollection.cs.uct.ac.za/

The Heritage Portal
A news and information platform for the South African Heritage Sector. It is a volunteer driven initiative that relies on content contributions from members of the heritage community.
http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/

Jstor World Heritage Sites: Africa (Restricted access)
A database made up of links to more than 86,000 resources in 30 sub-collections. Resources include visual, contextual, and spatial documentation of African heritage sites.
https://www.aluka.org/heritage/browse?si=1

Google Arts & Culture - Kenya National Archives
The Kenya National Archives collaborated with Google Arts & Culture in presenting their archives online. Google Arts & Culture also holds other African collections.
https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/kenya-national-archives

Sierra Leone Heritage.org
A digital resource capturing diverse Sierra Leonean collections online.
http://sierraleoneheritage.org/

The Slave Route project
An overview of online material relating to the UNESCO-project launched in 1994 in Ouidah, Benin, on a proposal from Haiti, memorializing the causes, forms of operation, stakes and consequences of slavery.
https://www.unesco.org/en/routes-enslaved-peoples

South African History Online (SAHO)
A non-partisan people's history project concerned with the presentation of a critical, open access, and democratic history of South Africa.
https://www.sahistory.org.za/

The Sudan Archive at Durham University
The Sudan Archive preserves the papers of British who served or lived in the Sudan. Its website holds digitized official and personal papers, photographic images, films, sound recordings, and maps.
https://www.dur.ac.uk/library/asc/sudan/ 

Wilson Center Digital Archive
Online archive on diplomatic history, regional security issues, and nuclear history.
https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/browse

The World Digital Library (WDL) - Africa section
A project of the U.S. Library of Congress, with the support UNESO. It makes significant primary materials from all countries and cultures available on the Internet.
https://www.wdl.org/en/place/africa/

Zamani project
An online database recording dimensions, shapes and GIS-positions of monuments, architectural structures and rock shelters in Africa. It includes panorama views, 3D-models and images of the sites.
http://www.zamaniproject.org