This article by Duncan Money appeared in International Review of Social History. The article gives an historical overview of Africa's free and unfree labour, labour in key economic sectors, international dimensions and mobility, entrepreneurs and self-employment, and the trade unions and the state. These chapters cover the whole continent, gratifyingly eschewing the artificial divide between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.
This article appeared in International Review of Social History, Volume 67, issue 1 (April 2022). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.